Costs and financing
Costs and financing Decommissioning and disposal

Costs and financing

Decommissioning and disposal

Costs and financing Decommissioning and disposal

Decommissioning and disposal costs included in the electricity price

The total costs for post-operation, decommissioning and the disposal of radioactive waste are included in the price of nuclear power in accordance with the polluter-pays principle. Over an operating period of 50 years, they amount to around 1 centime per kilowatt hour. They are paid directly during operation of the nuclear power plants on the one hand, and are pre-financed by the owners of the nuclear facilities via two separate funds on the other. 

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Decommissioning and disposal fund

To finance the costs of decommissioning and disposal, two funds were set up under the supervision of the federal government:

The Decommissioning Fund (opened in 1984)

This fund is used to cover the costs of dismantling nuclear facilities until they are released from the scope of the Nuclear Energy Act (NEA) and the resulting waste has been disposed of:

The Disposal Fund (opened in 2000)

This fund is used to cover all costs for the disposal of radioactive waste that arise after the final decommissioning of a nuclear power plant:

STENFO and cost studies

The owners of Swiss nuclear facilities pay annual contributions over 50 years of operation under the supervision of STENFO (Decommissioning Fund for Nuclear Facilities and Disposal Fund for Nuclear Power Plants - STENFO). These contributions, as well as returns on the fund assets over time, increase the funds.

The fund contributions are based on the cost studies, which are updated every five years. They estimate the costs for decommissioning nuclear facilities and disposing of radioactive waste. The procedure chosen in Switzerland, with periodic reassessment of future expenditure, provides well-founded and reliable figures.

Specifications and modalities for cost study calculations

The Federal Council has defined the modalities and parameters for the cost study calculations in the Decommissioning and Waste Disposal Ordinance (DDFO). Another binding basis for the cost studies is the disposal programme of the National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste (Nagra) approved by the Federal Council.

The targets set by the authorities take into account the lengthy time horizon for which the calculations are carried out. The long-term targeted average real return on the fund’s capital has been 1.6 per cent per year since January 2020 (nominal investment return minus inflation). Previous experience with the decommissioning fund, opened in 1984, and the Disposal Fund, opened in 2000, shows that this real return can be achieved in the long term.

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Q&A

Over the long term, the funds have performed in line with the target amount defined by the authorities. Thanks to the five-yearly cost studies, the adjustment of the annual contributions paid by the owners of the nuclear facilities as required and a responsible investment strategy, they are on track.

 

 

 

The cost studies are carried out with due caution and to the best of our expertise and in light of current knowledge. This also includes assumptions about the timing of future costs and the estimation of any risk-related costs. The inevitable uncertainties in forecasting are also taken into account in the estimate. All these cost estimates are supported by the fact that the level of technical knowledge and international experience in decommissioning and waste disposal projects is constantly growing. The uncertainties, on the other hand, are steadily decreasing. Furthermore, the cost studies are updated every five years. The cost risk therefore becomes smaller and smaller over time.

If unforeseen additional costs nevertheless arise, the owners of the nuclear facilities bear the risk. If one owner becomes insolvent, the other owners are required by law to make additional contributions. The government is at the end of the five-tier-cost-bearing cascade. Only when these additional contributions are not economically viable for an owner does the Federal Assembly decide whether, and to what extent, the federal government should contribute towards the costs.

The funds' payment plan is based on an assumed period of operation of 50 years for the nuclear power plants.

In the event of the early permanent decommissioning of a plant, the owner will, when calculating the contributions from 2024 onwards, be treated in the same way as if it had decommissioned the plant after 50 years of operation: the contributions will be spread over 50 years. The owners must cover the total of the calculated decommissioning and disposal costs through their contributions, regardless of the plant's period of operation and the amount of energy produced.

Internal links

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Cost studies 11, 16 and 21

Settlements and compensation

Cost studies 11, 16 and 21

Settlements and compensation

External links

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Decommissioning and disposal

Decommissioning and dismantling of the Mühleberg nuclear power plant

The "project of the century": the Nördlich Lägern deep geological repository